Machine Learning

Data-driven approaches to design intelligent algorithms.

MERL has a long history of research activity in machine learning, including the development of various boosting algorithms and contributing to the theory and practice of highly scalable collaborative filtering. Our recent work has focused on deep learning and reinforcement learning, with application to a wide range of applications including automotive, robotics, factory automation, transportation, as well as building and home systems.

Quick Links
Researchers
Awards
- AWARD MERL team wins the Generative Data Augmentation of Room Acoustics (GenDARA) 2025 Challenge
  Date: April 7, 2025
  Awarded to: Christopher Ick, Gordon Wichern, Yoshiki Masuyama, François G. Germain, and Jonathan Le Roux
  MERL Contacts: Jonathan Le Roux; Yoshiki Masuyama; Gordon Wichern
  Research Areas: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Speech & Audio
  Brief
  - MERL's Speech & Audio team ranked 1st out of 3 teams in the Generative Data Augmentation of Room Acoustics (GenDARA) 2025 Challenge, which focused on “generating room impulse responses (RIRs) to supplement a small set of measured examples and using the augmented data to train speaker distance estimation (SDE) models". The team was led by MERL intern Christopher Ick, and also included Gordon Wichern, Yoshiki Masuyama, François G. Germain, and Jonathan Le Roux.
    
    The GenDARA Challenge was organized as part of the Generative Data Augmentation (GenDA) workshop at the 2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2025), and held on April 7, 2025 in Hyderabad, India. Yoshiki Masuyama presented the team's method, "Data Augmentation Using Neural Acoustic Fields With Retrieval-Augmented Pre-training".
    
    The GenDARA challenge aims to promote the use of generative AI to synthesize RIRs from limited room data, as collecting or simulating RIR datasets at scale remains a significant challenge due to high costs and trade-offs between accuracy and computational efficiency. The challenge asked participants to first develop RIR generation systems capable of expanding a sparse set of labeled room impulse responses by generating RIRs at new source–receiver positions. They were then tasked with using this augmented dataset to train speaker distance estimation systems. Ranking was determined by the overall performance on the downstream SDE task. MERL’s approach to the GenDARA challenge centered on a geometry-aware neural acoustic field model that was first pre-trained on a large external RIR dataset to learn generalizable mappings from 3D room geometry to room impulse responses. For each challenge room, the model was then adapted or fine-tuned using the small number of provided RIRs, enabling high-fidelity generation of RIRs at unseen source–receiver locations. These augmented RIR sets were subsequently used to train the SDE system, improving speaker distance estimation by providing richer and more diverse acoustic training data.
- AWARD Mitsubishi Electric Team Wins Awards at GalFer Contest
  Date: June 23, 2025
  Awarded to: Bingnan Wang, Tatsuya Yamamoto, Yusuke Sakamoto, Siyuan Sun, Toshiaki Koike-Akino, and Ye Wang
  MERL Contacts: Toshiaki Koike-Akino; Bingnan Wang; Ye Wang
  Research Areas: Machine Learning, Multi-Physical Modeling, Optimization
  Brief
  - The MELSUR (Mitsubishi Electric SURrogate) team, consisting of a group of MERL and Mitsubishi Electric researchers, ranked first in two out of three categories in the GalFer Contest.
    
    The GalFer (Galileo Ferraris) contest aims to compare the accuracy and efficiency of data-driven methodologies for the multi-physics simulation of traction electric machines. A total of 26 teams worldwide participated in the contest, which consists of three categories. The MELSUR team, including MERL staff Bingnan Wang, Toshiaki Koike-Akino, Ye Wang, MERL intern Siyuan Sun, Mitsubishi Electric researchers Tatsuya Yamamoto and Yusuke Sakamoto, ranked first for the category of "Novelty" and "Interpolation". The results were announced during an award ceremony at the COMPUMAG 2025 conference in Naples, Italy.
- AWARD MERL work receives IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering Best New Application Paper Award from IEEE Robotics and Automation Society
  Date: May 19, 2025
  Awarded to: Yehan Ma, Yebin Wang, Stefano Di Cairano, Toshiaki Koike-Akino, Jianlin Guo, Philip Orlik, Xinping Guan and Chenyang Lu
  MERL Contacts: Stefano Di Cairano; Jianlin Guo; Toshiaki Koike-Akino; Philip V. Orlik; Yebin Wang
  Research Areas: Communications, Control, Machine Learning
  Brief
  - The paper “Smart Actuation for End-Edge Industrial Control Systems”, co-authored by MERL intern Yehan Ma, MERL researchers Yebin Wang, Stefano Di Cairano, Toshiaki Koike-Akino, Jianlin Guo, and Philip Orlik, and academic collaborators Xinping Guan and Chenyang Lu, was recognized as the Best New Application Paper of the IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering (T-ASE), for "a new industrial automation solution that ensures safety operation through coordinated co-design of edge model predictive control and local actuation".
    
    The award recognizes the best application paper published in T-ASE over the previous calendar year, for the significance of new applications, technical merit, originality, potential impact on the field, and clarity of presentation.
See All Awards for Machine Learning
News & Events
- EVENT MERL Contributes to ICASSP 2026
  Date: Monday, May 4, 2026 - , May 8, 2026
  Location: Barcelona, Spain
  MERL Contacts: Wael H. Ali; Petros T. Boufounos; Chiori Hori; Jonathan Le Roux; Yanting Ma; Hassan Mansour; Yoshiki Masuyama; Joshua Rapp; Anthony Vetro; Pu (Perry) Wang; Gordon Wichern
  Research Areas: Artificial Intelligence, Computational Sensing, Computer Vision, Machine Learning, Optimization, Signal Processing, Speech & Audio
  Brief
  - MERL has made numerous contributions to both the organization and technical program of ICASSP 2026, which is being held in Barcelona, Spain from May 4-8, 2026.
    
    Sponsorship
    
    MERL is proud to be a Silver Patron of the conference and will participate in the student job fair on Thursday, May 7. Please join this session to learn more about employment opportunities at MERL, including openings for research scientists, post-docs, and interns. MERL Distinguished Research Scientists Petros T. Boufounos and Jonathan Le Roux will also present a spotlight session on MERL’s research in signal processing on Tuesday, May 5 at 13:05.
    
    MERL is also pleased to be the sponsor of two IEEE Awards that will be presented at the conference. We congratulate Prof. Nasir Ahmed, the recipient of the 2026 IEEE Fourier Award for Signal Processing, and Dr. Alex Acero, the recipient of the 2026 IEEE James L. Flanagan Speech and Audio Processing Award.
    
    Technical Program
    
    MERL is presenting 7 papers in the main conference on a wide range of topics including source separation, spatial audio, neural audio codecs, radar-based pose estimation, camera-based airflow sensing, radar array processing, and optimization. Another paper on neural speech codecs will be presented at the Low-Resource Audio Codec (LRAC) Satellite Workshop. MERL researchers will also present two articles published in IEEE Open Journal of Signal Processing (OJSP) on music source separation and head-related transfer function (HRTF) modeling. Finally, Speech and Audio Team members Yoshiki Masuyama and Jonathan Le Roux co-organized a Special Session on Neural Spatial Audio Processing, which will feature six oral presentations.
    
    About ICASSP
    
    ICASSP is the flagship conference of the IEEE Signal Processing Society, and the world's largest and most comprehensive technical conference focused on the research advances and latest technological development in signal and information processing. The event attracts more than 4000 participants each year.
- TALK [MERL Seminar Series 2026] Jialong Wu presents talk titled World Models and Human-like Reasoning
  Date & Time: Wednesday, March 25, 2026; 11:00 AM
  Speaker: Jialong Wu, Tsinghua University
  MERL Host: Anoop Cherian
  Research Areas: Artificial Intelligence, Computer Vision, Machine Learning
  Abstract
  - This talk introduces the background and key findings of our recent work, "Visual Generation Unlocks Human-Like Reasoning through Multimodal World Models," which answers the question of when and how visual generation enabled by unified multimodal models (UMMs) benefits reasoning. We take a world model perspective, inspired by human cognition. Specifically, humans construct mental models of the world, representing information and knowledge through two complementary channels—verbal and visual—to support reasoning, planning, and decision-making. In contrast, recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and vision–language models (VLMs) largely rely on verbal chain-of-thought reasoning, leveraging primarily symbolic and linguistic world knowledge. Unified multimodal models (UMMs) open a new paradigm by using visual generation for visual world modeling, advancing more human-like reasoning on tasks grounded in the physical world. In this work, we formalize the atomic capabilities of world models and world model-based chain-of-thought reasoning. We highlight the richer informativeness and complementary prior knowledge afforded by visual world modeling, leading to our visual superiority hypothesis for tasks grounded in the physical world. We identify and design tasks that necessitate interleaved visual-verbal CoT reasoning, constructing a new evaluation suite, VisWorld-Eval. Through controlled experiments on BAGEL, we show that interleaved CoT significantly outperforms purely verbal CoT on tasks that favor visual world modeling, strongly supporting our insights.
See All News & Events for Machine Learning
Research Highlights
Internships
See All Internships for Machine Learning
Openings
- MS0268: Research Scientist - Multiphysical Systems
- CI0177: Postdoctoral Research Fellow - Agentic AI
See All Openings at MERL
Recent Publications
- Aihara, R., Masuyama, Y., Germain, F.G., Wichern, G., Le Roux, J., "Exploring Disentangled Neural Speech Codecs from Self-Supervised Representations", IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Workshops (ICASSPW), May 2026.
  BibTeX TR2026-035 PDF
  - @inproceedings{Aihara2026may2,
  - author = {Aihara, Ryo and Masuyama, Yoshiki and Germain, François G and Wichern, Gordon and {Le Roux}, Jonathan},
  - title = {{Exploring Disentangled Neural Speech Codecs from Self-Supervised Representations}},
  - booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Workshops (ICASSPW)},
  - year = 2026,
  - month = may,
  - url = {https://www.merl.com/publications/TR2026-035}
  - }
- Aihara, R., Masuyama, Y., Paissan, F., Germain, F.G., Wichern, G., Le Roux, J., "SUNAC: Source-aware Unified Neural Audio Codec", IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), May 2026.
  BibTeX TR2026-032 PDF
  - @inproceedings{Aihara2026may,
  - author = {Aihara, Ryo and Masuyama, Yoshiki and Paissan, Francesco and Germain, François G and Wichern, Gordon and {Le Roux}, Jonathan},
  - title = {{SUNAC: Source-aware Unified Neural Audio Codec}},
  - booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)},
  - year = 2026,
  - month = may,
  - url = {https://www.merl.com/publications/TR2026-032}
  - }
- Masuyama, Y., Germain, F.G., Wichern, G., Hori, C., Le Roux, J., "Velocity Potential Neural Field for Efficient Ambisonics Impulse Response Modeling", IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), May 2026.
  BibTeX TR2026-033 PDF
  - @inproceedings{Masuyama2026may,
  - author = {Masuyama, Yoshiki and Germain, François G and Wichern, Gordon and Hori, Chiori and {Le Roux}, Jonathan},
  - title = {{Velocity Potential Neural Field for Efficient Ambisonics Impulse Response Modeling}},
  - booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)},
  - year = 2026,
  - month = may,
  - url = {https://www.merl.com/publications/TR2026-033}
  - }
- Masuyama, Y., Saijo, K., Paissan, F., Han, J., Delcroix, M., Aihara, R., Germain, F.G., Wichern, G., Le Roux, J., "FlexIO: Flexible Single- and Multi-Channel Speech Separation and Enhancement", IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), May 2026.
  BibTeX TR2026-034 PDF
  - @inproceedings{Masuyama2026may2,
  - author = {Masuyama, Yoshiki and Saijo, Kohei and Paissan, Francesco and Han, Jiangyu and Delcroix, Marc and Aihara, Ryo and Germain, François G and Wichern, Gordon and {Le Roux}, Jonathan},
  - title = {{FlexIO: Flexible Single- and Multi-Channel Speech Separation and Enhancement}},
  - booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)},
  - year = 2026,
  - month = may,
  - url = {https://www.merl.com/publications/TR2026-034}
  - }
- Koike-Akino, T., Liu, J., Wang, Y., "TTQ: Activation-Aware Test-Time Quantization to Accelerate LLM Inference on the Fly", International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR) Workshop, April 2026.
  BibTeX TR2026-044 PDF
  - @inproceedings{Koike-Akino2026apr,
  - author = {Koike-Akino, Toshiaki and Liu, Jing and Wang, Ye},
  - title = {{TTQ: Activation-Aware Test-Time Quantization to Accelerate LLM Inference on the Fly}},
  - booktitle = {International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR) Workshop},
  - year = 2026,
  - month = apr,
  - url = {https://www.merl.com/publications/TR2026-044}
  - }
- Wang, Z., Hu, H., Deng, X., Mowlavi, S., Nakahira, Y., "OpInf-LLM: Parametric PDE Solving with LLMs via Operator Inference", International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR) Workshop on AI and Partial Differential Equations (AI&PDE), April 2026.
  BibTeX TR2026-043 PDF
  - @inproceedings{Wang2026apr2,
  - author = {Wang, Zhuoyuan and Hu, Hanjiang and Deng, Xiyu and Mowlavi, Saviz and Nakahira, Yorie},
  - title = {{OpInf-LLM: Parametric PDE Solving with LLMs via Operator Inference}},
  - booktitle = {International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR) Workshop on AI and Partial Differential Equations (AI\&PDE)},
  - year = 2026,
  - month = apr,
  - url = {https://www.merl.com/publications/TR2026-043}
  - }
- Wang, Z., Romagnoli, R., Mowlavi, S., Nakahira, Y., "Physics-Informed Deep B-Spline Networks", International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR) Workshop on AI and Partial Differential Equations (AI&PDE), April 2026.
  BibTeX TR2026-046 PDF
  - @inproceedings{Wang2026apr3,
  - author = {Wang, Zhuoyuan and Romagnoli, Raffaele and Mowlavi, Saviz and Nakahira, Yorie},
  - title = {{Physics-Informed Deep B-Spline Networks}},
  - booktitle = {International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR) Workshop on AI and Partial Differential Equations (AI\&PDE)},
  - year = 2026,
  - month = apr,
  - url = {https://www.merl.com/publications/TR2026-046}
  - }
- Wang, R., Wang, Y., Liu, J., Koike-Akino, T., "Quantum Diffusion Models for Few-Shot Learning", Springer Nature, April 2026.
  BibTeX TR2026-042 PDF
  - @article{Wang2026apr,
  - author = {Wang, Ruhan and Wang, Ye and Liu, Jing and Koike-Akino, Toshiaki},
  - title = {{Quantum Diffusion Models for Few-Shot Learning}},
  - journal = {Springer Nature},
  - year = 2026,
  - month = apr,
  - url = {https://www.merl.com/publications/TR2026-042}
  - }
See All Publications for Machine Learning
Videos

[MERL Seminar Series Spring 2026] World Models and Human-like Reasoning

[ICRA 2026] Safe Whole-Body Loco-Manipulation via Combined Model and Learning-based Control

[MERL Seminar Series Spring 2026] Proving and Improving: Language Models for Theorem Proving and Proof Shortening in Lean

[WACV 2026] MMHOI: Modeling Complex Multi-Person Multi-Object Interactions

[MERL Seminar Series Spring 2026] Robust Decision Making Without Compromising Learning Efficiency

[AAAI 2026] LatentLLM: Activation-Aware Transform to Multi-Head Latent Attention

[ICASSP 2025] Indoor Airflow Imaging Using Physics-Informed Schlieren Tomography

[ICCV 2025] SAC-GNC: SAmple Consensus for adaptive Graduated Non-Convexity

[BMVC 2025] Towards Open-Vocabulary Multimodal 3D Object Detection with Attributes

[ICCV Workshop 2025] Joint Training of Image Generator and Detector for Road Defect Detection

[ICCV 2025] Toward Long-Tailed Online Anomaly Detection through Class-Agnostic Concepts

[CVPR 2025] TailedCore: Few-Shot Sampling for Unsupervised Long-Tail Noisy Anomaly Detection

FDPP: Fine-tune Diffusion Policy with Human Preference

[MERL Seminar Series Spring 2025] Red Teaming AI Agents in-the-wild: Revealing Deployment Vulnerabilities

[MERL Seminar Series Spring 2025] The Emergence of Generalizability and Semantic Low-Dim Subspaces in Diffusion Models

[MERL Seminar Series Spring 2025] Amplifying human performance in combinatorial competitive programming

[WACV 2025] Towards Zero-shot 3D Anomaly Localization

Data-driven Spatial Classification using Multi-Arm Bandits for Monitoring with Robot Teams

[NeurIPS 2024] MEL-PETs Defense for the NeurIPS 2024 LLM Privacy Challenge Blue Team Track

[NeurIPS 2024] MEL-PETs Joint-Context Attack for the NeurIPS 2024 LLM Privacy Challenge Red Team Track

[NeurIPS 2024] Evaluating Large Vision-and-Language Models on Children's Mathematical Olympiads

[MERL Seminar Series Fall 2024] Audio for Object and Spatial Awareness

[IROS 2024] Few-shot Transparent Instance Segmentation for Bin Picking

[MERL Seminar Series Fall 2024] Tools from cognitive science to understand the behavior of large language models

[ECCV 2024] PS-NEUS: A Probability-guided Sampler for Neural Implicit Surface Rendering

[ECCV 2024] Equivariant Spatio-Temporal Self-Supervision for LiDAR Object Detection

[CVPR 2024] SIRA: Scalable Inter-frame Relation and Association for Radar Perception

Decentralized, Safe, Multi-agent Motion Planning for Drones Under Uncertainty via Filtered Reinforcement Learning

[MERL Seminar Series Spring 2024] Neural Certificates and LLMs in Large-Scale Autonomy Design

[MERL Seminar Series Spring 2024] Decoding Hidden Worlds: Unprecedented Sensing and Connectivity for Climate, Robotics, & Smart Environments

Gear-NeRF: Free-Viewpoint Rendering and Tracking with Motion-aware Spatio-Temporal Sampling

[MERL Seminar Series Spring 2024] Are Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models a Mirage?

MERL's Quantum AI Technology

[GLOBECOM 2022/VCC 2023 Tutorial] Post-Deep Learning Era: Emerging Quantum Machine Learning for Sensing and Communications (Session 2)

[GLOBECOM 2022/VCC 2023 Tutorial] Post-Deep Learning Era: Emerging Quantum Machine Learning for Sensing and Communications (Session I)

[MERL Seminar Series Fall 2023] Robust and Physics-informed machine learning for low light imaging

[MERL Seminar Series Fall 2023] Multiplicity in Machine Learning

Multi-level Reasoning for Robotic Assembly: From Sequence Inference to Contact Selection

[MERL Seminar Series Fall 2023] Visual Programming - A compositional approach to building General Purpose Vision Systems

[MERL Seminar Series Fall 2023] The Confluence of Vision, Language, and Robotics

[MERL Seminar Series Fall 2023] A Process Systems Engineering Perspective on Carbon Capture: Key Challenges and Opportunities

[TRO 2024] Safe Multiagent Motion Planning Under Uncertainty for Drones Using Filtered Reinforcement Learning

Are Deep Neural Networks SMARTer than Second Graders?

[CVPR 2023] EVAL: Explainable Video Anomaly Localization

[MERL Seminar Series Spring 2023] Learning and Dynamical Systems

[MERL Seminar Series Spring 2023] Investigating Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Grid-Interactive Smart Communities using CityLearn

[MERL Seminar Series Spring 2023] Pitfalls and Opportunities in Interpretable Machine Learning

[MERL Seminar Series Spring 2023] Neural Implicit Flow

[MERL Seminar Series Spring 2023] Towards Complex Language in Partially Observed Environments

[MERL Seminar Series Spring 2022] Hybrid robotics and implicit learning

Toshiaki Koike-Akino Gives Seminar Talk at IEEE Boston Photonics

[MERL Seminar Series Spring 2022] RLMPC: An Ideal Combination of Formal Optimal Control and Reinforcement Learning?

[MERL Seminar Series Spring 2022] Self-Supervised Scene Representation Learning

[MERL Seminar Series Spring 2022] Learning Speech Representations with Multimodal Self-Supervision

[MERL Seminar Series Spring 2022] Extreme optics design as a large-scale optimization problem

HealthCam: A system for non-contact monitoring of vital signs

[MERL Seminar Series 2021] Harnessing machine learning to build better Earth system models for climate projection

[MERL Seminar Series 2021] Deep probabilistic regression

[MERL Seminar Series 2021] Learning to See by Moving: Self-supervising 3D scene representations for perception, control, and visual reasoning

Control of Mechanical Systems via Feedback Linearization Based on Black-Box Gaussian Process Models

Application of Deep Learning for Nanophotonic Device Design (Invited)

Towards Human-Level Learning of Complex Physical Puzzles

Tactile-RL for Insertion: Generalization to Objects of Unknown Geometry

Scene-Aware Interaction Technology

Action Detection Using A Deep Recurrent Neural Network

MERL Research on Autonomous Vehicles

Semantic Scene Labeling

Obstacle Detection

Deep Hierarchical Parsing for Semantic Segmentation

Global Local Face Upsampling Network
Software & Data Downloads

Software & Data Downloads

MERL is making Machine Learning software and data available to the research community:

Embracing Cacophony (embracing-cacophony)
multi-view Radar object dEtection with 3D bounding boX diffusiOn (REXO)
Radar-based 3D Pose Estimation using Transformer (RAPTR)
MMHOI Dataset: Modeling Complex 3D Multi-Human Multi-Object Interactions (MMHOI)
Subject- and Dataset-Aware Neural Field for HRTF Modeling (SuDaField)
Open Vocabulary Attribute Detection Dataset (OVAD)

See All Downloads