Software & Data Downloads — LUVLi

Landmarks’ Location, Uncertainty, and Visibility Likelihood for jointly predicting landmark locations, associated uncertainties of these predicted locations, and landmark visibilities.

Modern face alignment methods have become quite accurate at predicting the locations of facial landmarks, but they do not typically estimate the uncertainty of their predicted locations nor predict whether landmarks are visible. In this paper, we present a novel framework for jointly predicting landmark locations, associated uncertainties of these predicted locations, and landmark visibilities. We model these as mixed random variables and estimate them using a deep network trained using our proposed Location, Uncertainty, and Visibility Likelihood (LUVLi) loss. In addition, we release an entirely new labeling of a large face alignment dataset with over 19,000 face images in a full range of head poses. Each face is manually labeled with the ground-truth locations of 68 landmarks, with the additional information of whether each landmarks is visible, self-occluded (due to extreme head poses), or externally occluded. Not only does our joint estimation yield state-of-the-art estimates of the uncertainty of predicted landmark locations, but it also yields state-of-the-art estimates for the landmark locations themselves on multiple standard face alignment datasets. Our method's estimates of the uncertainty of predicted landmark locations could be used to automatically identify input images on which face alignment fails, which can be critical for downstream tasks.

  •  Marks, T.K., Kumar, A., Mou, W., Feng, C., Liu, X., "UGLLI Face Alignment: Estimating Uncertainty with Gaussian Log-Likelihood Loss", IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) Workshop on Statistical Deep Learning for Computer Vision (SDL-CV), DOI: 10.1109/​ICCVW.2019.00103, October 2019, pp. 778-782.
    BibTeX TR2019-117 PDF Data Software
    • @inproceedings{Marks2019oct,
    • author = {Marks, Tim K. and Kumar, Abhinav and Mou, Wenxuan and Feng, Chen and Liu, Xiaoming},
    • title = {UGLLI Face Alignment: Estimating Uncertainty with Gaussian Log-Likelihood Loss},
    • booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) Workshop on Statistical Deep Learning for Computer Vision (SDL-CV)},
    • year = 2019,
    • pages = {778--782},
    • month = oct,
    • publisher = {IEEE},
    • doi = {10.1109/ICCVW.2019.00103},
    • url = {https://www.merl.com/publications/TR2019-117}
    • }
  •  Kumar, A., Marks, T.K., Mou, W., Wang, Y., Cherian, A., Jones, M.J., Liu, X., Koike-Akino, T., Feng, C., "LUVLi Face Alignment: Estimating Landmarks’ Location, Uncertainty, and Visibility Likelihood", IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), DOI: 10.1109/​CVPR42600.2020.00826, June 2020.
    BibTeX TR2020-067 PDF Video Data Software
    • @inproceedings{Kumar2020jun,
    • author = {Kumar, Abhinav and Marks, Tim K. and Mou, Wenxuan and Wang, Ye and Cherian, Anoop and Jones, Michael J. and Liu, Xiaoming and Koike-Akino, Toshiaki and Feng, Chen},
    • title = {LUVLi Face Alignment: Estimating Landmarks’ Location, Uncertainty, and Visibility Likelihood},
    • booktitle = {IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)},
    • year = 2020,
    • month = jun,
    • publisher = {IEEE},
    • doi = {10.1109/CVPR42600.2020.00826},
    • issn = {2575-7075},
    • isbn = {978-1-7281-7168-5},
    • url = {https://www.merl.com/publications/TR2020-067}
    • }

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Access data at https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10870537.